I've tried several things with my not very thickened toenails. I had thought my Swiss Army Knife scissors would be best, but a nail scissors actually beat them. I have two nail scissors, bought I have no idea where over the years. One is a wimp and the other works well.
Maybe you need a better podiatrist. Or would it help to caution him about too short first?
I would have no ethical problem myself asking for Medicare to cover this. There's a big difference between getting stuff done to make your life manageable and some fraud operation raking in millions for no good purpose.
What about a home health aide for an hour a month? She could help with other stuff as well. I think they make minimum wage.
About that torn meniscus, can nothing be done about it, or is the fix too expensive? I ask because I trashed my hip doing physical therapy that was supposed to improve fitness and now they say part of the problem may be a torn cartilage. Looking on the web for that, torn meniscus showed up, so I assume it is the same thing in a different place. I can't get anyone to take this seriously enough to do anything to find out what's actually going on, and the thing is like a knife in my hip every 20 feet or so.