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In reply to the discussion: Nuclear watchdog agency says Iran not cooperating [View all]reorg
(3,317 posts)Last edited Tue Mar 5, 2013, 02:34 PM - Edit history (1)
under the NPT. I'm no expert and haven't followed this closely in the last years, but this is what I found:
Iran does not violate the NPT Safeguards Agreement as it was agreed upon, signed and ratified, if they don't allow inspection of certain military sites.
The IAEA has always verified the non-diversion of declared nuclear material at the nuclear facilities and locations outside facilities where nuclear material is customarily used. That is the original purpose of the NPT: to enable the export of nuclear materials and facilities (Siemens export promotion in the case of Iran when the Shah didn't know what to do with all the money coming in after the first oil crisis) while making sure that none of that material is used for weapons.
However, as stated in the OP, the IAEA now bemoans not to be able to "provide credible assurance about the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities" in Iran, which supposedly is only possible, if at all, once they go further than what was agreed upon in the seventies, namely if Iran signs the so-called "Additional Protocol" which allows for things like spontaneous inspections. Apparently it was only in the early nineties that it occurred to various experts that an inventory of declared material is not enough. They were suprised that Iraq had been able to work on a secret nuclear program in the late eighties despite being a signatory to the NPT, so they conceived of additional measures to be added to existing Safeguard Agreements, lined out in the "Additional Protocol".
Some of these additional measures could be seen as intrusive, though. That's why not all states with a Safeguard Agreement have agreed to sign such an Additional Protocol, I suppose.
Iran and the bomb: The legal standards of the IAEA
IAEA SAFEGUARDS ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL
The IAEA Applies Incorrect Standards, Exceeding its Legal Mandate and Acting Ultra Vires Regarding Iran