The odd world distribution of ancient Haplogroup X Mitochondrial DNA

[Ichingcarpenter]

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ORIGINS

It is believed that haplogroup X diverged from haplogroup N. Around 30,000 years ago it then sub-divided into two groups known as X1 and X2.

Sub-group X2 appears to have undergone extensive population expansion and dispersal around or soon after the last glacial maximum, about 21,000 years ago. It is more strongly present in the Near East, the Caucasus, and Mediterranean Europe; and somewhat less strongly present in the rest of Europe. Particular concentrations appear in Georgia (8%), the Orkney Islands (in Scotland) (7%), and amongst the Israeli Druze community (27%). Subclades X2a and X2g are found in North America, but are not present in native South Americans.[5]


How did haplogroup X, a Middle Eastern gene, find itself in the region of the Great Lakes 10,000 years ago and not in South America, nor in ancient Siberian cultures,not in Alaska or alongside the west coast of the United States?

This requires further inquiries.






https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA)

[Sunlei]

1. Vikings

[cstanleytech]

2. Nope, the vikings didnt become a major power until about 1300 years ago where as this is said

to have happened about 10,000 years ago so most likely it was not the vikings unless they had time travel.

[HereSince1628]

3. Doesn't the haplogroup's presence in Iceland suggests people moved along both the ice-front

and the sea-shores, either with the aid of watercraft, on foot/sledge or perhaps both?

There has been speculation about pre-clovis colonization of eastern NA from nw europe.

[Ichingcarpenter]

4. The earliest settlers came to Ireland around 10,000 years ago,

Last edited Sun May 1, 2016, 04:51 AM - Edit history (1)

The latest research into Irish DNA has confirmed that the early inhabitants of Ireland were not directly descended from the Keltoi of central Europe. In fact the closest genetic relatives of the Irish in Europe are to be found in the north of Spain in the region known as the Basque Country...... which the language itself is not Indo/European in origin..

The Basque are a mystery too.

https://www.sott.net/article/263587-DNA-shows-Irish-people-have-more-complex-origins-than-previously-thought

Another strange anomaly is the large ancient copper mines in the Great Lakes region

In prehistoric times, large quantities of copper were mined on Isle Royale and the nearby Keweenaw Peninsula. The region is scarred by ancient mine pits and trenches up to 20 feet deep. Carbon-14 testing of wood remains found in sockets of copper artifacts indicates that they are at least 5700 years old. In Prehistoric Copper Mining in the Lake Superior Region, published in 1961, Drier and Du Temple estimated that over 750,000 tons of copper had been mined from the region. However, David Johnson and Susan Martin contend that their estimate was based on exaggerated and inaccurate assumptions.[7][8]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_Royale

NBC news Stonehenge in Lake Michigan?

According to BLDGBLOG, in 2007, Mark Holley, professor of underwater archeology at Northwestern Michigan College, discovered a series of stones arranged in a circle 40 feet below the surface of Lake Michigan. One stone outside the circle seems to have carvings that resemble a mastodon—an elephant-like animal that went extinct about 10,000 years ago.



http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Stonehenge-in-Lake-Michigan.html




Wall Street Journal........ Minoan connection?


Well this article is just food for thought on the discussion

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126593477531544685

Also Minoan ship found
http://nauticalarch.org/projects/seytan-deresi-shipwreck-survey/

So it is a mystery but maybe seafaring in ancient times before the melting of the ice caps is not out of the realms of ancient man. Rather than just following the ice bergs, who knows? Modern Humans such as ourselves have been around at least 200,000 years so we have a gigantic gap in our understanding of what they were able to achieve before the ice caps melted.

Aristotle said

It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.

But this is just a thought experiment such as
Maxwell's Demon or Schrödinger's cat.

[jedague]

5. Haplogroup X Mitochondrial DNA

This is very odd indeed. One study concluded that the X haplogroup is very ancient, but the estimated time of the divergence from European X haplogroup varied substantially, it depends upon the number of founders involved, it would be impossible to estimate accurately.

Here's an interesting connection between the areas where X haplogroup is found. From 6,500 to 5,400 years before present, copper was being mined around Lake Michigan, this date was measured using metal residue found in lake sediments. The amount of copper that was mined was massive. This mining operation at Lake Michigan was going on a few hundred years after the Yamnaya began their conquest of Europe. This conquest created a cultural collapse among the people of Southeastern Europe, these people had migrated into Europe from the Anatolian Peninsula where the European X haplogroup is found. At that time the people in Southeast Europe were involved in some industry of making copper objects. It certainly suggests that there may have been pre-Columbian contact between Anatolia and North America. If Michigan copper was being shipped to Anatolia, the Yamnaya may have invaded Europe searching for the source of Anatolian copper, or the copper may have been used by the Anatolians to create weapons to combat the Yamnaya.

[fleabiscuit]

6. Welcome to the DU. nt