Feminists
Related: About this forumA future without tomboys and lesbians?
Discussions about gender expression tend to get very intense very quickly. We see it happen a lot in AfterEllen.com comments, as people react to certain words or misinterpret another comment. Frankly, the level of anger that often comes up makes me shy away from writing about certain topics.
But something recently came across my feed that is so outrageous and so frightening that I have to write about it. And in this case, I invite you to be outraged along with me.
Advocate.com reported the release of a new study from Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine that details some dangerous experiments in fetal engineering. Doctors have been using a synthetic steroid to prevent female babies from being born with "behavioral masculinization" which means lesbianism, bisexuality, intersexuality, and tomboyism. (Yes, "tomboyism" is a thing.)
Let that soak in for a minute.
<snip>
http://www.afterellen.com/content/2012/08/future-without-tomboys-and-lesbians-new-study-explores-ethics-gender-difference
Deep13
(39,156 posts)...a documentary about Josef Mengele and his eugenic experiments. Any effort to engineer "better" humans invariably invites a comparison to Nazi "science."
4th law of robotics
(6,801 posts)Ok I guess not that odd. We just can't be too disgusted with them without realizing we did it first.
Deep13
(39,156 posts)But tinkering with eugenics--selective sterilization and whatnot--in this country never approached Nazi efforts. The problem is we never got over the idea that humans are improvable. Non-therapeutic cosmetic surgery, giving growth hormone to short but normal children, a potential for genetic engineering of children--selecting things like gender, height, and eye color: all these things mean people still think we can "improve" people. Now, I don't have a religious objection--let God decide--but it is pretty clear that "improving" people based on arbitrary social norms is a bad idea.
ProgressiveProfessor
(22,144 posts)obamanut2012
(27,806 posts)So, yes.
Gormy Cuss
(30,884 posts)and an excerpt:
The off-label intervention does not prevent CAH; it aims only at sex normalization. Like Diethylstilbestrol (DES) which is now known to have caused major fertility problems and fatal cancers among those exposed in utero dexamethasone is a synthetic steroid. Dexamethasone is known and in this case intended to cross the placental barrier and change fetal development. Experts estimate the glucocorticoid dose reaching the fetus is 60 to 100 times what the body would normally experience.
The new report provides clear evidence that:
For more than 10 years, medical societies repeatedly but ultimately impotently expressed high alarm at use of this off-label intervention outside prospective clinical trials, because it is so high risk and because nearly 90 percent of those exposed cannot benefit.
Mothers offered the intervention have been told it has been found safe for mother and child but in fact there has never been any such scientific evidence.
Disgusting on every level.
ProgressiveProfessor
(22,144 posts)Thanks for the link...
Gormy Cuss
(30,884 posts)The authors of the Northwestern paper expose this.
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that this treatment was supposed to prevent. So the headline is misleading.
I don't support this treatment because the risks are too high and the benefits unproven. If there was a safe way to prevent babies being born inter-sex, however, I wouldn't blame parents for wanting to try it, anymore than I'd blame them for trying to correct other medical conditions, such as Down Syndrome or deafness.
lumberjack_jeff
(33,224 posts)What are your thoughts about using the same techniques to reduce aggression among males?
What does the ability to manipulate tomboyism out of a fetus suggest about inherent biological differences between boys and girls?
I'm fully with you about the inadvisability of this.
obamanut2012
(27,806 posts)Like Deep13 said upthread, it reminds me of Mengele.
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)What if there were a way to prevent hemophilia or some other serious disorder?
I'm not suggesting that CAD is equivalent to blindness. I'm questioning your broad statement about fetal engineering.
Are you truly against any and all forms of "fetal engineering"? Are you against fetal surgery, too? (Which has been used to correct fluid in the brain, for example, and prevent life-long brain damage.)
Whatever my feelings about the (I agree) inadvisable treatment for CAD as described in the OP, I think we should be considering the worth of fetal "engineering" and fetal surgery on a case by case basis.
It seems ironic to me that people who would champion a woman's absolute right to have an abortion, including when she found herself carrying a fetus with a medical condition, would object to her trying trying to treat that medical condition in the womb and to carry it to term.
Deep13
(39,156 posts)Those are genuine therapies or serious disorders, not arbitrary attempts to "improve" socially undesirable but non-pathological conditions.
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)in addition to causing abnormalities in the genitalia.
In babies it can cause poor feeding or vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and abnormal heart rhythms. In girls, it can lead to failure to menstruate.
It affects blood levels of aldosterone, renin, and cortisol; and affects bone growth.
It's not "just" a cosmetic problem.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001448/
Deep13
(39,156 posts)I guess they should fix it if they can.
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)Some will need lifelong treatment, and the only question is how early to start. But starting it in utero means that some babies get treatment who don't need it, including boys who don't need it and girls who wouldn't have developed it.
Maybe someday they'll have a test that can allow for treating only the babies who really need it, but they're not there yet.
4th law of robotics
(6,801 posts)I'm curious about the consensus here.
If long-term behavior can be altered by changing the ratio of sex-hormones prior to birth doesn't that kind of imply a lot of gendered behavior is not learned but is rather innate?
If you can tell a tomboy over and over again to act like a girl and she refuses and ends up displaying male characteristics but by changing the prenatal environment you can induce more traditionally female behaviors doesn't that mean that what it is to be a boy or a girl is not entirely enforced by society.
And on the flip side: doesn't that mean efforts to get boys to stop acting like boys (fight less, share more, express more feelings, etc) are doomed from the start?
I would say that if you tried to force a tomboy to act like a more traditional girl you will fail and have behavioral problems. If you try to get boys to act more feminine (like in schools ordering them to sit quietly not fight not compete and be content to merely talk about rather than do things they learn) you will fail and have behavioral problems.
obamanut2012
(27,806 posts)Start a thread in GD.
4th law of robotics
(6,801 posts)the OP involves using hormones to change the behavior of individuals (in utero) to act more "appropriate" for their gender.
Such a discussion presupposes that hormones can affect long term behavior in gendered ways does it not? The discussion isn't that such a policy is pointless since behavior is entirely social in nature. Instead the discussion on whether or not this is ok (I agree it is not). Which means that people kind of assume it works.
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)Behavior is definitely affected by hormones both before and after birth.
Some researchers used to think that any boy or girl could be raised as a child of the opposite sex, because all such behavior was learned; but that theory has long since been discredited. It turned out that one of the main researchers in the field was fudging his data.
4th law of robotics
(6,801 posts)I agree entirely.
I was just checking what the opinion was around here. There is definitely a subset of the population that views behavior (especially traditionally boy or girl behaviors) as entirely learned. If you give girls fire-trucks they will grew up to act like men or if you give boys dolls they will grow up to be more nurturing. And so on.
And while there is some conditioning involved a lot of it can't be changed (like the girls who played dress up with their firetrucks or the boys who used their dolls as weapons or action figures).
La Lioness Priyanka
(53,866 posts)regardless of gender/sex
redqueen
(115,164 posts)FLyellowdog
(4,276 posts)I thought being gay was a lifestyle choice. Now I'm confused.
4th law of robotics
(6,801 posts)maybe not universally and maybe not here. But once the technology is available this sort of manipulation will be done by some.
And that really scares me. First off there's nothing wrong with being a tomboy or a lesbian (or an effeminate man or a gay male). Second we really don't know what else this is going to affect. Thalidomide was a great drug . . . until we realized the long term unintended consequences.
This could very well "work" for it's intended purpose but result in some completely unexpected side-effects.
Fix real problems in utero (or abort if you choose). Like fatal child-hood diseases. Leave quirks alone.
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)I agree that in the case of this particular treatment, the benefits do not outweigh the risks. But I don't agree that no forms of "genetic engineering" or fetal medicine should be attempted.
By the way, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a mild condition in some people and severe and even life-threatening in others. It's not a "quirk."
4th law of robotics
(6,801 posts)notice I said fix "real" problems? If your kid is going to be born with a severe physical defect that will kill him in a month or even just lead to a greatly diminished life . . . yeah go ahead and fix that. If he's maybe not going to be as tall as you'd like . . . I don't know just don't push him in to basketball.
And the article was about using this to fix tomboys, not to prevent deaths.
Starry Messenger
(32,375 posts)LGBT people are a part of humanity and have a unique cultural and social role on the planet. And if you can mess around to the extent where even tomboyism is eliminated-what is to keep people from doing wholesale personality engineering? Make a generation of docile and passive women? Ick ick ick.
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)that is addressed here, Congenital Adrenal Dysplasia. This is related to one type of condition that can lead to inter-sex conditions (and other symptoms), not to the vast majority of lesbians and tomboys.
Starry Messenger
(32,375 posts)I read how they gave a fetus dex pretty early on until CAH was or was not detected (or the fetus was found to be male). What if this "fix" didn't "work"--would the parents then think less of their daughter for not being genetically acceptable?
pnwmom
(109,562 posts)But you are unaware of all the complications of this disease besides abnormalities in the genitals. In babies, it can cause vomiting and feeding problems, electrolyte problems, abnormal heart rhythms, and bone growth problems. It can cause older girls not to menstruate. It's not just a little "cosmetic" problem. It many cases it requires lifelong treatment; the main question is how early to begin the treatment. Unfortunately, they can't tell yet which fetuses are destined to have mild forms of the disease, and which might have severe and even life-threatening forms.
Some of the parents who opted for treatment did so instead of having an abortion. Is an abortion preferable? I wouldn't presume to make this decision for another family.
Zorra
(27,670 posts)Yikes!
"LGBT people are a part of humanity and have a unique cultural and social role on the planet."
Native Americans have often held intersex, androgynous people, feminine males and masculine females in high respect. The most common term to define such persons today is to refer to them as "two-spirit" people, but in the past feminine males were sometimes referred to as "berdache" by early French explorers in North America, who adapted a Persian word "bardaj", meaning an intimate male friend. Because these androgynous males were commonly married to a masculine man, or had sex with men, and the masculine females had feminine women as wives, the term berdache had a clear homosexual connotation. Both the Spanish settlers in Latin America and the English colonists in North America condemned them as "sodomites".
Rather than emphasising the homosexuality of these persons, however, many Native Americans focused on their spiritual gifts. American Indian traditionalists, even today, tend to see a person's basic character as a reflection of their spirit. Since everything that exists is thought to come from the spirit world, androgynous or transgender persons are seen as doubly blessed, having both the spirit of a man and the spirit of a woman. Thus, they are honoured for having two spirits, and are seen as more spiritually gifted than the typical masculine male or feminine female.
Therefore, many Native American religions, rather than stigmatising such persons, often looked to them as religious leaders and teachers. Quite similar religious traditions existed among the native peoples of Siberia and many parts of Central and southeast Asia. Since the ancestors of Native Americans migrated from Siberia over 20,000 years ago, and since reports of highly respected androgynous persons have been noted among indigenous Americans from Alaska to Chile, androgyny seems to be quite ancient among humans.
Rather than the physical body, Native Americans emphasised a person's "spirit", or character, as being most important. Instead of seeing two-spirit persons as transsexuals who try to make themselves into "the opposite sex", it is more accurate to understand them as individuals who take on a gender status that is different from both men and women. This alternative gender status offers a range of possibilities, from slightly effeminate males or masculine females, to androgynous or transgender persons, to those who completely cross-dress and act as the other gender. The emphasis of Native Americans is not to force every person into one box, but to allow for the reality of diversity in gender and sexual identities.
MrMickeysMom
(20,453 posts)I don't often post here (okay, never until now), but I find this highly offensive.
What ever happened to the data that coupled the most well rounded intelligence being consistent with androgynous traits?
What are we doing to ourselves by what they are doing to us?
MicaelS
(8,747 posts)If science ever proves there is a specific biological / genetic / hormonal basis for LGBT, then you're going to see amniocentesis based testing to determine if a fetus is LGBT. Then at the very least, you're going to start seeing abortion based on if the fetus is LGBT. India has been doing sex-selective abortion for a while.
The next step would be in utero hormonal or genetic therapy to "cure" LGBT.
You think people won't abort LGBT? I asked some religious co-workers I know, who spend a great deal of time on religious forums, about this issue. They basically said the viewpoint of the very religious is that it's a choice of two evils. Abortion is evil, but homosexuality is an "abomination". That's their word "abomination", and an "abomination" is much much worse. So LGBT will be aborted by people like themselves.
I firmly believe some people are looking for a way to edit LGBT out of the Human Genome. Things like are just the start. Brave New World, here we come.
4th law of robotics
(6,801 posts)that the way to get fundy types to support abortion rights would be to prove that being gay isn't a choice.
And conversely you might get some LGBT types (typically solidly on the left) to now support limitations on the right to choose.
The next few decades will be interesting if nothing else.
obamanut2012
(27,806 posts)La Lioness Priyanka
(53,866 posts)Zorra
(27,670 posts)La Lioness Priyanka
(53,866 posts)this is how i truly feel
obamanut2012
(27,806 posts)Neoma
(10,039 posts)I'll wear skirts one day, and jeans the next, but nothing about me strikes me as either. I just go with, "human."
Zorra
(27,670 posts)Maybe instead of calling it the "LGBTIQ spectrum", we will someday just call it the human spectrum.
FloridaJudy
(9,465 posts)Is a horrible condition. It's not only disfiguring, it can be life-threatening. One of my patients died of it. Fortunately, it's pretty rare, unlike lesbianism, which is only life-threatening if the lesbian encounters some pretty un-evolved human beings.
I really can't imagine any ethical medical professional administering a drug to make sure girls act more feminine, though I guess there are enough right-wing doctors and nurses around that it really could be a problem. Or even more that are more concerned with making money than with the welfare of their patients: hell, look at "Octo-Mom"!
haikugal
(6,476 posts)I was always called a Tomboy growing up. I was always competitive with males but I was also feminine in that I liked to 'dress up' etc. What is it about being a Tomboy that makes someone gay? Am I missing something here?